Asking For and Giving Opinions

               Asking Opinion is  to ask other people's opinions on an issue.

               Giving Opinion is to express an opinion on a matter or issue.      

                       

A.   Asking for Opinion

        Formal :

·         Have you got any comments on …..

·         Do you have any idea?

·         Do you have any opinion on ……

·         Would you give me your opinion on……….?

·         What is your reaction to ….

·         What is your opinion about……….?

·         What are you feeling about………….?

·         What are your views on……….?

·         Please give me your frank opinion ?

       Informal

·         What do you think of…….?

·          What do you think about………?

·          What is your opinion?

·         Why do they behave like that?

·         Do you think it’s going?

·         How do you like?

·         How was the trip?

·         How do you think of Rina’s idea ?

B.  Giving Opinion

      Informal

·           I think I like it.

·           I don’t think I care for it.

·           I think it’s good/nice/terrific……..

·           I think that awful/not nice/terrible…………

·           I don’t think much of it.

·           I think that……..

·           In my opinion, I would rather……….

Report Text

Report Text 

A.  Definition
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis. 

B.  Purpose Of SocialIt’s social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally describe an entire class of things, whether natural, the planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on. 

C.  Social Function
Inform the readers about range of natural, and social phenomena in our environment.


 D.  Generic Structure

•       General classification ; tells what the phenomenon under discussion is.
•       Description tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of 

              1. parts ,
              2. qualities 
              3. habits or behaviors, if living ; uses , if non-natural. 

E.  Language Features of Report

•              Use of general nouns, example : hunting bird, rather than particular nouns, example : our dog;
•            Use of relating verbs to describe features, example : Molecules are tiny particles;
•            Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, example : Emus cannot fly;
•            Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, example : Tropical cyclones always begin over the sea;
•            Use of technical terms, example : Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
•       Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.

F. General Classification

  Tell us what the phenomenon discussion is

G. Description
        Tell us what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of: parts (and their funtions), qualities, habits or behavior

H. Grammatical Features

•Use of general nouns, e.g. Laser light

•Use of relating verbs to describe features, e.g. Laser light is a special kind of light,

•Mostly use of present tenses, e.g. Laser light s just one pure color,

•Use of technical terms, e.g. Beam, active medium

I. Language Features of Report 

• Use of general nouns, example : hunting bird, rather than particular nouns, example : our dog;
• Use of relating verbs to describe features, example : Molecules are tiny particles;
• Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, example : Emus cannot fly;
• Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, example : Tropical cyclones always begin over the sea;
• Use of technical terms, example : Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
• Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.

EXAMPLE

 What Is Thunder and Lightning?

         Lightning is a sudden, violent fl ash of electricity between a cloud and the ground, or from cloud to cloud. A lightning flash, or bolt, can be several miles long. It is so hot, with an average temperature of 34,000° Centigrade, that the air around it suddenly expands with a loud blast. This is the thunder we hear.

Lightning occurs in hot, wet storms. Moist air is driven up to a great height. It forms a type of cloud called cumulonimbus. When the cloud rises high enough, the moisture freezes and ice crystals and snowfl akes are formed. These begin to fall, turning to rain on the way down. This rain meets more moist air rising, and it is the friction between them which produces static electricity. When a cloud is fully charged with this electricity, it discharges it as a lightning flash.

Adjective Clauses

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun.  It is possible to combine the following two sentences to form one sentence containing an adjective clause:              

    The children are going to visit the museum.
    They are on the bus.

The children who are on the bus are going to visit the museum.
                  | adjective clause |

In the sentence above, there are two other ways to write the sentence correctly using the second sentence as the adjective clause. 

The children that are on the bus are going to visit the museum.
The children       on the bus       are going to visit the museum.

Some other sentences can be combined into a sentence using adjective clauses in a variety of ways, and they are all correct.  Note the variety of ways in which the following two sentences can be combined.

The church is old.
My grandparents were married there.

The church where my grandparents were married is old.
The church in which my grandparents were married is old.
The church which my grandparents were married in is old.
The church that my grandparents were married in is old.
The church my grandparents were married in is old

In the sentences above, the adjective clauses are underlined.  All answers are correct.  Note the use of the word "in" and how and where it is used.

An adjective clause with a subject pronoun - such as which, that or who - can also be shortened into a phrase.

You can shorten an adjective clause in two ways:

1. Omit the subject pronoun and verb.
2. Omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to the form ending in "ing."

Here are some examples of how to create an adjective phrase:

• Adjective Clause: The books, which are lost, are not really necessary.
• Adjective Phrase: The books lost are not really necessary.

• Adjective Clause: The girl who is running is my best friend.
• Adjective Phrase: The girl running is my best friend.

• Adjective Clause: His share of the money, which consists of $100,000, was given to him on Monday.
• Adjective Phrase: His share of the money, consisting of $100,000, was given to him on Monday.

• Adjective Clause: Something that smells bad may be rotten.
• Adjective Phrase: Something smelling bad may be rotten.

Remember, the goal of an adjective clause is to add more information to a noun or a pronoun. You can add the information by including a few more words or by changing the adjective clause to a phrase.

Granting request

Granting request is expression to give somebody permission to do something

 

examples request

1.  may i borrow your biology notes now?
2.  Excuse me. may i go to the toilet, ma'am?
3. can i use your pen for a minute, please?
4. do you mind if i ask you to drive me to the bookstore? 

Examples Granting Request

1. Sure here you are.
2. yes, you may. 
3. certaintly. it's almost finished anyway. 
4. sure. just be careful
5. Of course, you can.
6. not at all. we're going the same way.

Gerunds

 A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition.

Gerund as subject:

• Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (Traveling is the gerund.)
• The study abroad program might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as direct object:

• They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing.)
• They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed)

Gerund as subject complement:

• My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (The gerund is sleeping.)
• My cat's favorite food is salmon. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as object of preposition:

• The police arrested him for speeding. (The gerund is speeding.)
• The police arrested him for criminal activity. (The gerund has been removed.)

A gerund phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the gerund, such as:

Giving Advice

GIVING ADVICE

   -  Giving  Advice is  to give (someone) a recommendation about what should be done .

EXPRESSIONS OF ASKING FOR  ADVICE
•What should…………………………….. ?
•What do you think should………… ?
•What do you advise?
•Could you give me some advice for ….?
•What you would advice?
•What would you do if……….?
•Do you think I should …..?

EXPRESSIONS OF GIVING ADVICE 

•You should/ought to……….

•I think you should/ought to………

•You ought to………………

•I advise you to

•If I were you, I would……..

•I would recommend that you ……

•You’d better tell …………..

•You must to……………….

DIALOGUE OF EXPRESSING ADVICE

Ratna   : Good morning, Putri

Putri  : Good morning, Ratna. (Looks confused)

Ratna    : How are you, Putri

Putri   : I’m confused now.

Ratna  :  Why?

Putri  :  My girlfriend my girlfriend forbade me to follow the singing competition. If you

               were me, what would you tell her?

Ratna :   I would say that the competition is very important to you, and instead,

              the prize of the competition would you give to her

Putri:   That’s a good idea. I will do it. Thank you very much,Ratna. Now I want

               to go to canteen. See you.

Ratna  :    You’re welcome. See you too.

Warning

-  Warning is admonition notice, or pointing out on  existing or potential danger, specially to one who would otherwise would not be aware of it.

EXPRESSIONS OF WARNING 

•Look out! There is a snake beside you.

•Don’t step on the grass!.

•No smoking!

•No hunting!

•Be Silent

•No camping without permission!

•Do not cut down the trees!

•Keep out of the reach of children!

DIALOGUE EXPRESSING OF WARNING

Dendi         : “Mom, let me go out for a while, please?”

Mother       : “Where are you going to, Den?”

Dendi         :   “I’d like to visit Jophan. He got accident this morning. He is in the hospital now.”

Mother       :   “Ok, be care full“
Dendu        : Thank you mam